4 Most Popular PVC Materials Process Methods And Melting Temperature

PVC is a popular raw material for plastic processing in our lives. What is the PVC density, and what are the PVC process methods? What is the right PVC melting temperature and what is the PVC compounds formula? Let HUACHEN Screw Barrel Factory give you a brief introduction.

01 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC):

Often known as “vinyl,” it is a flexible and inexpensive polymer made up of 57% chlorine (produced from industrial grade salt) and 43% carbon (generated mostly from oil or gas via ethylene). It is less reliant on nonrenewable crude oil or natural gas than other polymers, and hence may be considered a natural resource-saving plastic.

The polymer can’t be used in its natural state, but PVC compounding gives it a huge range of properties, from rigid products (window frames) to flexible soft materials (sheets, pipes, hoses), and the ability to use it in both rigid and soft (plasticized) forms doubles the market for this extremely safe material. PVC has the most compounding formulas of any polymer.

Extrusion, injection, compression, blow moulding, and calendaring of PVC compounds can result in a range of rigid or flexible products, depending on the amount and type of plasticizers used.

Processing: Drying before processing is highly recommended. The moisture rate should be lower than 0.3%.

PVC is heat sensitive and produces HCl gas during the thermal breakdown, hence appropriate stabilisers must be applied during processing.

Moulding for PVC melting temperature should be between 170 and 210 °C. Mould temperatures between 20 to 60 °C are suitable. Mould shrinkage ranges from 0.2 to 0.5%. An injection moulding machine screw with a 15 to 18 L/D ratio is recommended.

To minimise early thermal deterioration, PVC extrusion temperatures are 10-20 °C lower than injection moulding temperatures.

02 Rigid PVC:

Is strong, with a good combination of stiffness and impact strength, excellent solvent stress cracking resistance, weatherproof and flame resistant with good overall mechanical properties; better chemical resistance than plasticized PVC; good dimensional stability at room temperature; low cost; good electrical insulation and vapour barrier properties, and FDA compliance.

Rigid PVC Density                                     1.35–1.5 g/cm³

Rigid PVC Glass Transition Temperature 60–100 °C

Rigid PVC Max/Min continuous service temperature   50–80 °C/10–1 °C

Limitations: the processing is difficult. It has a low continuous service temperature of 50 °C, degrades at high temperatures, and becomes brittle at 5 °C (without impact modifiers and/or processing aids). Some plasticized materials are sensitive to microbiological damage and colouring, and they have limited solvent stress cracking resistance. A plastic substance with high specific gravity.

Applications:

·Building: PVC Waste water pipes & fittings, grating covers, guttering, roofing sheets, sanitary installations, window frames, fencing fascia boards.

·Electrical: PVC insulation pipes, panels, electricity distribution boxes, switches, telephone and plug housings, battery terminals.

·Engineering: Pressure pipes, ventilation ducts, thermostat housings, fittings, pipe connections, claddings, ventilators.

·Packaging: Disposable pots, Food containers, pen cases, oil and beverage bottles.

03 Plasticized PVC:

Is less difficult to work with than rigid PVC. Low-cost, soft, flexible, and transparent, with high UV resistance flexible, a high strength-to-weight ratio and excellent chemical resistance to alkalis, oils, and a wide range of corrosive inorganic compounds. They have electrical insulating qualities that are good in medicinal applications and are non-flammable.

Plasticized PVC Density                                        1.3–1.7 g/cm³

Glass transition temperature                       -50 to -5 °C

Max/Min continuous service temperature    50–80 °C/-40 to-5 °C

Limitations: According to plasticizer migration, properties might alter over time, and it degrades at high temperatures. Some plasticizers are not appropriate for food contact. And, plasticized PVC chemical resistance is lower than rigid PVC.

Applications: PVC is the main material used for blood bags, gloves and medical tubing saving countless lives.

·Electricals: Cable and wire insulation, plugs, cable jackets, sockets, cable heads and distributors.

·Engineering: Gaskets, stuffing boxes, pipes, hoses, coatings, and protective caps for pipes.

·Building: Seals for windows and doors, swimming bath linings, floor coverings, doorstops, garden hoses, wire coverings

·Others: Shoe soles, divers masks, car body seals, ski sunglasses, toys, table cloths, boots, cases. Cling film, inflatable dinghies, balls, handbags, book covers, office equipment, and artificial leather seats.

04 Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC):

CPVC has the same outstanding chemical resistance as PVC, but it performs better in instances when heat resistance is required. In comparison to PVC, CPVC may be thermo-welded and chemically bonded, and it has greater corrosion resistance, increased UV resistance, and high pressure resistance (3 bars at 90 °C). It is also resistant to the majority of mineral acids, bases, and salts, as well as aliphatic hydrocarbohydrates.

CPVC Density                         1.5–1.55 g/cm³

CPVC Glass transition temperature         100–110 °C

CPVC Max continuous service temperature   80–100 °C.

Limitations: Poor impact resistance, Opaque, Poor resistance to aromatic solvents, ketones and esters, High cost, compared with PVC.

Application: Construction industry pipes and fittings, sewage pipes, Tanks, hoods, CPVC Pipes for chemicals, agriculture, Automotives Thrust washers, Digital copier and printer components.

These are the 4 most popular PVC materials used in extrusion. Our clients may expect stable and efficient PVC goods thanks to our high-quality PVC product manufacturing process, which includes superior extruder parts screw barrel design and optimised performance.

Please quote or contact HUACHEN Screw Barrel Factory for the most up-to-date information if have any more questions about PVC product making formulas or extrusion problems.

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